Odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) of vertebrates belong to the lipocalin superfamily and
perform a dual function: solubilizing and ferrying volatile pheromones to the olfactory …

Accurate determination of estrus is essentially required for efficient reproduction
management of farm animals. Buffalo is a shy breeder and does not manifest overt signs of …

Female house mice produce pheromone-carrying major urinary proteins (MUPs) in a cycling
manner, thus reaching the maximum urinary production just before ovulation. This is thought …

Symbiotic microbial communities affect the host immune system and produce molecules
contributing to the odor of an individual. In many mammalian species, saliva and vaginal …

Behavioral expressions and biochemical composition of body exudates are significantly
altered in concert with the endocrine status, which are all clear indicators of physiological …

Cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) plays significant roles in coitus, sperm transport, and
implantation. It is believed to be a good noninvasive biomarker for various diagnostic …

This study was investigated to determine the faecal volatiles, steroid hormones and their
correlation with behavioural signs during oestrous cycle in sheep (Ovis aries). This …

Saliva is considered as the best source of biological material for biomarker discovery studies
since it is noninvasive in comparison to other body sources. Usually buffalo cannot precisely …

Pheromones are odoriferous volatile chemical cues produced by animals for communication
among conspecifics so as to regulate their social behaviors. In general, the odor compounds …

Human saliva contains numerous molecules that play a variety of roles. Among them there
are proteins which serve as biomarkers of various physiological and/or pathological …