Three different barriers are formed between the cerebrovascular and the brain parenchyma:
the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and the …

Globally, stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Over the past decades,
several efforts have attempted to discover new drugs or repurpose existing therapeutics to …

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption contributes to brain injury and neurological impairment.
Tight junctions (TJs) and cell–cell adhesion complexes develop between endothelial cells in …

Ischemic stroke is a primary origin of morbidity and mortality in the United States and around
the world. Indeed, several research projects have attempted to discover new drugs or …

Background Evidence from rodents indicated that after recent stress, reduced expression of
tight junction protein claudin-5 may weaken the blood-brain barrier and allow interleukin-6 …

The retina is a light-sensing ocular tissue that sends information to the brain to enable
vision. The blood–retinal barrier (BRB) contributes to maintaining homeostasis in the retinal …

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are lipophilic and persistent environmental toxicants,
which pose health threats to the exposed population. Among several organs and cell types …

S100B is a 21-kDa protein that is produced and secreted by astrocytes and widely used as a
marker of brain injury in clinical and experimental studies. The majority of these studies are …

Drug delivery into the peripheral nerves and nerve roots has important implications for
effective local anesthesia and treatment of peripheral neuropathies and chronic neuropathic …

Microphysiological system (MPS), a new technology for in vitro testing platforms, have been
acknowledged as a strong tool for drug development. In the central nervous system (CNS) …