The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

The combination of pharmacology and transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the effects
of drugs on TMS-evoked EMG responses (pharmaco-TMS-EMG) has considerably improved …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established neurophysiological tool to
examine the integrity of the fast-conducting corticomotor pathways in a wide range of …

Circadian rhythms have natural relative variations among humans known as chronotype.
Chronotype or being a morning or evening person, has a specific physiological …

Neuronal activity in the brain reflects an excitation–inhibition balance that is regulated
predominantly by glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, and often disturbed in …

Weak transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the human motor cortex results in
excitability shifts which occur during and after stimulation. These excitability shifts are …

The review focuses on the clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS). The central motor conduction time (CMCT) is a sensitive method to detect …

Non‐technical summary Inter‐individual differences in regional GABA as assessed by
magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) relate to behavioural variation in humans …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was initially used to evaluate the integrity of the
corticospinal tract in humans non‐invasively. Since these early studies, the development of …

Physiological brain aging is characterized by a loss of synaptic contacts and neuronal
apoptosis that provokes age-dependant decline of sensory processing, motor performance …