Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the
ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system's key functions and …

The growth of phytoplankton at high latitudes was generally thought to begin in open waters
of the marginal ice zone once the highly reflective sea ice retreats in spring, solar elevation …

Historically, sea ice loss in the Arctic Ocean has promoted increased phytoplankton primary
production because of the greater open water area and a longer growing season. However …

Arctic sea-ice loss is a leading indicator of climate change and can be attributed, in large
part, to atmospheric forcing. Here, we show that recent ice reductions, weakening of the …

The Arctic marine biome, shrinking with increasing temperature and receding sea-ice cover,
is tightly connected to lower latitudes through the North Atlantic. By flowing northward …

A major surface circulation feature of the Arctic Ocean is the Transpolar Drift (TPD), a current
that transports river‐influenced shelf water from the Laptev and East Siberian Seas toward …

Today's physical oceanography and primary and secondary production was investigated for
the entire Arctic Ocean (AO) with the physical-biologically coupled SINMOD model. To …

Abstract The Kara and Laptev seas receive about one half of total freshwater runoff to the
Arctic Ocean from the Ob, Yenisei, and Lena rivers. Discharges of these large rivers form …

Abstract The Kara Sea receives~ 1/3 of total freshwater discharge to the Arctic Ocean,
mainly from the large Ob and Yenisei rivers. The Ob-Yenisei plume covers wide area in the …

This work is focused on the seasonal and interannual variability of the freshened surface
layer (FSL) in the Kara Sea during ice‐free periods. The majority of annual freshwater runoff …