Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a stress-inducible hormone that has
important roles in regulating energy balance and glucose and lipid homeostasis through a …

Alongside the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) is critical in regulating systemic energy
homeostasis. Although each organ has its specialised functions, they must work …

The liver is a dynamic organ that plays critical roles in many physiological processes,
including the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysfunctional hepatic …

As a non-canonical fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) functions as
an endocrine hormone that signals to distinct targets throughout the body. Interest in …

Hepatic steatosis is an underlying feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which
is the most common form of liver disease and is present in up to∼ 70% of individuals who …

The rising global prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes has driven
a sharp increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excessive fat …

Clear evidence indicates that cytokines, for instance, adipokines, hepatokines, inflammatory
cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, contribute substantially to the development of …

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone that is synthesized by several
organs and regulates energy homeostasis. Excitement surrounding this relatively recently …

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of cardiometabolic risk factors that includes obesity,
insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Although there has been significant …

Certain white adipose tissue (WAT) depots are readily able to convert to a “brown-like” state
with prolonged cold exposure or exposure to β-adrenergic compounds. This process is …