Haemodynamic forces influence the functional properties of vascular endothelium.
Endothelial cells (ECs) have a variety of receptors, which sense flow and transmit …

Atherosclerosis develops preferentially at branches and curvatures of the arterial tree, where
blood flow pattern is disturbed rather than being laminar, and wall shear stress has an …

Different blood flow patterns in the arteries can alter the adaptive phenotype of vascular
endothelial cells (ECs), thereby affecting the functions of ECs and are directly associated …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have critical functions in vascular diseases.
Haemodynamic factors are important regulators of VSMC functions in vascular …

Vascular engineering seeks to design and construct functional blood vessels comprising
endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular cells (PCs), with the ultimate goal of clinical …

Endothelial cells, located on the surface of blood vessel walls, are constantly stimulated by
mechanical forces from the blood flow. The mechanical forces, ie, fluid shear stress, induced …

Urinary bladder is a dynamic organ performing complex physiological activities. Together
with ureters and urethra, it forms the lower urinary tract that facilitates urine collection, low …

Abstract Roundabout4 (Robo4) is a transmembrane receptor that belongs to the
Roundabout (Robo) family of axon guidance molecules. Robo4 is an endothelial-specific …

Several congenital disorders can cause end stage bladder disease and possibly renal
damage in children. The current gold standard therapy is enterocystoplasty, a bladder …

Background: Autofluorescence lifetime (AFL) imaging, a robust technique that enables label-
free molecular investigation of biological tissues, is being introduced into the field of …