Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in
nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human …

Variability in disease presentation, progression and treatment response has been a central
challenge in medicine. Although variability in host factors and genetics are important, it has …

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of intestinal infection and diarrhoea in individuals
following antibiotic treatment. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that …

The microbiota should be considered as just another component of the human epigenetic
landscape. Thus, health is also a reflection of the diversity and composition of gut microbiota …

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a remarkably successful treatment
for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection that cannot be cured with antibiotics alone …

Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated
diarrhea, and is responsible for a spectrum of diseases characterized by high levels of …

Oral antibiotics such as metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin are therapies of choice
for Clostridium difficile infection. Several important mechanisms for C. difficile antibiotic …

Clostridium difficile epidemiology has changed in recent years, with the emergence of highly
virulent types associated with severe infections, high rates of recurrences and mortality …

The quorum-sensing (QS) system is an intercellular cell-cell communication mechanism that
controls the expression of genes involved in a variety of cellular processes and that plays …

Clostridium difficile is an emergent pathogen, and the most common cause of nosocomial
diarrhea. In an effort to understand the role of small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) in C. difficile …