Cytokines related to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provide a communication network essential
for coordinating multiple cell types into an effective host defense system against pathogens …

The T cell co-stimulatory molecule OX40 and its cognate ligand OX40L have attracted broad
research interest as a therapeutic target in T cell-mediated diseases. Accumulating …

The tumour necrosis factor receptor OX40 (CD134) is activated by its cognate ligand OX40L
(CD134L, CD252) and functions as a T cell co-stimulatory molecule. OX40-OX40L …

Increased activity of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells plays a major pathogenic role in systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the mechanisms that cause aberrant Tfh cell …

Co-ordinated interaction between distinct cell types is a hallmark of successful immune
function. A striking example of this is the carefully orchestrated cooperation between helper …

Prosurvival tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily (TNFRSF) members on T
cells, including 4-1BB, CD27, GITR, and OX40, support T cell accumulation during clonal …

The follicular helper T (Tfh) cells help is critical for activation of B cells, antibody class
switching, and germinal center (GC) formation. The Tfh cells are characterized by the …

Immunotherapy has shown promising results in cancer treatment. Research shows that most
patients might be resistant to these therapies. So, new immune therapies are needed. OX40 …

Chronic viral infections represent a unique challenge to the infected host. Persistently
replicating viruses outcompete or subvert the initial antiviral response, allowing the …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells that collaborate with B
cells to promote and regulate humoral responses. Unlike other CD4+ effector lineages, Tfh …