The use of DNA barcodes, which are short gene sequences taken from a standardized
portion of the genome and used to identify species, is entering a new phase of application …

The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal 18S–5.8 S–26S cistron
continue to be the most popular non-plastid region for species-level phylogenetic studies of …

DNA barcoding in the land plants presents a number of challenges compared to DNA
barcoding in many animal clades. The CO1 animal DNA barcode is not effective for plants …

Background Internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) is already one of
the most popular phylogenetic and DNA barcoding markers. However, the existence of its …

Comparisons of the DNA sequences of metazoa show an excess of transitional over
transversional substitutions. Part of this bias is due to the relatively high rate of mutation of …

• Premise of the study: The pantropical, species‐rich Psychotrieae and Palicoureeae are
sister tribes of mostly drupe‐bearing and nonbacterial leaf‐nodulating species with …

Abstract Background and Aims Betula L.(birch) is a genus of approx. 60 species, subspecies
or varieties with a wide distribution in the northern hemisphere, of ecological and economic …

Aim The olive tree is considered one of the best indicators of the Mediterranean climate. The
species' distribution is associated with geographical and bioclimatic factors, as well as being …

Rubiaceae is one of the five largest families of flowering plants with over 13,000 species. We
have seen a tremendous increase in our understanding of the phylogeny of the family …

Background Koumiss is a naturally fermented mare's milk. Over recent decades, numerous
studies have revealed the diversity of lactic acid bacteria in koumiss. However, there is …