The first major scientific discovery of the Space Age was that the Earth is enshrouded in
toroids, or belts, of very high-energy magnetically trapped charged particles. Early …

In this paper we review recent spacecraft observations of oblique whistler-mode waves in
the Earth's inner magnetosphere as well as the various consequences of the presence of …

Radiation belt electrons can exhibit different types of pitch angle distributions in response to
various magnetospheric processes. Butterfly distributions, characterized by flux minima at …

This open access book serves as textbook on the physics of the radiation belts surrounding
the Earth. Discovered in 1958 the famous Van Allen Radiation belts were among the first …

The solar wind is a supersonic magnetized plasma streaming far into the heliosphere.
Although cooling as it flows, it is rapidly heated upon encountering planetary obstacles. At …

In the present review we survey space plasma systems where the nonlinear resonant
interaction between charged particles and electromagnetic waves plays an important role …

We present a statistical survey of the latitudinal structure of the fast magnetosonic wave
mode detected by the Van Allen Probes spanning the time interval of 21 September 2012 to …

We report in situ observations by the Van Allen Probe mission that magnetosonic (MS)
waves are clearly relevant to the background plasma number density. As the satellite moved …

Fast magnetosonic (MS) waves are commonly regarded as electromagnetic waves that are
characteristically confined within±3° of the geomagnetic equator. We report two typical off …

Equatorial noise (often phenomenologically described as magnetosonic waves in the
literature) is a natural electromagnetic emission, which is generated by instability of ion …