Agroforestry provides essential ecosystem services; its structure and stability directly
determine ecosystem function and service provision. Sustaining agroforestry ecosystem …

Agroforestry is often seen as a sustainable land-use system for agricultural production
providing ecosystem services. Intercropping with food crops leads to equal or higher …

Cultivation of tree crops such as coconut, oil palm and rubber are an important source of
income in Southeast Asia, both for the national economies and for the local population …

Rubber trees are the most widely cultivated natural rubber crops globally. Although
commercial cultivation of rubber trees occurs in Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces …

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) is a major economic crop grown in tropical areas.
However, the various service functions of rubber plantations and their benefit to society, the …

The rapid expansion of rubber plantations may have greatly influenced the carbon stocks of
the ecosystem, with potential impacts on mitigating climate change and future carbon fluxes …

Agroforestry ecosystems are an efficient strategy for enhancing soil nutrient conditions and
sustainable agricultural development. Soil extracellular enzymes (EEAs) are important …

Agroforestry systems are known to enhance soil health and climate resilience, but their
impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in rubber-based agroforestry systems across …

Understanding the anatomical and chemical properties of sapwood and heartwood is
important for the utilization of wood. In this study, the anatomical characteristics and …

Indonesia, as a country with a tropical climate, has a forest area of 94.1 million ha, and in
2019 deforestation reached 3,500,637.7 ha due to large-scale illegal logging for various …