Stress can influence health throughout the lifespan, yet there is little agreement about what
types and aspects of stress matter most for human health and disease. This is in part …

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of self-affirmation theory. Self-
affirmation theory asserts that the overall goal of the self-system is to protect an image of its …

Of the many conceptual distinctions present in psychology today, the approach-avoidance
distinction stands out as one of, if not the, most fundamental and basic. The distinction …

Educational games have enhanced the value of instruction procedures in institutions and
business organizations. Factors that increase students' adoption of learning games have …

The present study investigated theoretically and empirically derived similarities and
differences between the constructs of enduring happiness and self-esteem. Participants (N …

Stress is implicated in the development and progression of a broad array of mental and
physical health disorders. Theory and research on the self suggest that self-affirming …

The biopsychosocial model (BPSM) of challenge and threat has evolved over the last
decade or so, becoming increasingly more complex as more evidence has accumulated …

Despite common findings suggesting that lack of negative life events should be optimal,
recent work has revealed a curvilinear pattern, such that some cumulative lifetime adversity …

Humans continually face situations that require actions to achieve valued goals with
meaningful consequences at stake. Although the pursuit of such goals can be a negatively …

In 1969, in the second edition of Handbook of Social Psychology, David Shapiro and
Andrew Crider authored a chapter titled “Psychophysiological Approaches to Social …