Abstract Theory of optical turbulence in underwater medium and the effects of underwater
turbulence on various applications done in underwater or under ocean are reviewed. A …

This review paper discusses the complete evolution of free-space optical (FSO)
communication, also known as unguided optical communication (UOC) technologies, all the …

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are an emerging technology aimed to enhance
the energy and spectrum efficiency of wireless communication links by reconfiguring the …

In this paper, we have proposed an analytic model and determined the outage probability
and average bit error rate (BER) performance of a co-operative radio frequency− underwater …

In this paper, we have investigated the performance of an underwater vertical wireless
optical communication (UVWOC) link employing multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) …

In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance of underwater wireless optical
communication system employing with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation is proposed …

Mobile nodes can encounter many challenges in underwater environments during
communication due to turbidity, suspended particles, small bubbles, and turbulence. These …

In this paper, we have investigated the performance of underwater vertical wireless optical
communication (UVWOC) link employing on–off key modulation in the presence of …

Turbulence is an intractable issue for underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC).
In this paper, the effects of temperature-induced turbulence on the UOWC system with …

In this paper, we have investigated the performance of underwater vertical wireless optical
communication (UVWOC) links employing on–off key modulation for selection combining …