Corals live in a complex, multipartite symbiosis with diverse microbes across kingdoms,
some of which are implicated in vital functions, such as those related to resilience against …

Corals are fundamental ecosystem engineers, creating large, intricate reefs that support
diverse and abundant marine life. At the core of a healthy coral animal is a dynamic …

Corals and the reef ecosystems that they support are in global decline due to increasing
anthropogenic pressures such as climate change. However, effective reef conservation …

The coral holobiont is the community of metazoans, protists and microbes associated with
scleractinian corals. Disruptions in these associations have been correlated with coral …

Emerging diseases have been responsible for the death of about 30% of corals worldwide
during the last 30 years. Coral biologists have predicted that by 2050 most of the world's …

Zooxanthellate corals (ie those harbouring Symbiodinium) are the main builders of the
world's shallow‐water marine coral reefs. They represent intimate diverse symbioses …

Stony corals build the framework of coral reefs, ecosystems of immense ecological and
economic importance. The existence of these ecosystems is threatened by climate change …

The coral holobiont is a dynamic assemblage of the coral animal, zooxanthellae, endolithic
algae and fungi, Bacteria, Archaea and viruses. Zooxanthellae and some Bacteria form …

Reef-building corals are well regarded not only for their obligate association with
endosymbiotic algae, but also with prokaryotic symbionts, the specificity of which remains …

The persistent and undiscriminating application of chemicals as means to improve crop
growth, development and yields for several years has become problematic to agricultural …