Exoplanet hunting efforts have revealed the prevalence of exotic worlds with diverse
properties, including Earth-sized bodies, which has fueled our endeavor to search for life …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is Earth's dominant metabolism, having evolved to harvest the
largest expected energy source at the surface of most terrestrial habitable zone planets …

The abundances of main carbon-and oxygen-bearing gases in the atmospheres of giant
exoplanets provide insights into atmospheric chemistry and planet formation processes …

Helium is the second-most abundant element in the Universe after hydrogen and is one of
the main constituents of gas-giant planets in our Solar System. Early theoretical models …

WASP-107b is a warm (approximately 740 K) transiting planet with a Neptune-like mass of
roughly 30.5 M⊕ and Jupiter-like radius of about 0.94 RJ (refs.,), whose extended …

We present an update of the open-source photochemical kinetics code VULCAN to include
C–H–N–O–S networks and photochemistry. The additional new features are advection …

The search for life in the Universe is a fundamental problem of astrobiology and modern
science. The current progress in the detection of terrestrial-type exoplanets has opened a …

Observational evidence for escaping exoplanet atmospheres has been obtained for a few
exoplanets to date. It comes from strong transit signals detected in the ultraviolet, most …

Observing magnetic star–planet interactions (SPIs) offers promise for determining the
magnetic fields of exoplanets. Models of sub-Alfvénic SPIs predict that terrestrial planets in …

The ultraviolet (UV) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of low-mass (K-and M-type) stars
play a critical role in the heating and chemistry of exoplanet atmospheres, but are not …