Two-component systems reprogramme diverse aspects of microbial physiology in response
to environmental cues. Canonical systems are composed of a transmembrane sensor …

Sensory photoreceptors underpin light-dependent adaptations of organismal physiology,
development, and behavior in nature. Adapted for optogenetics, sensory photoreceptors …

Perceiving environmental and internal information and reacting in adaptive ways are
essential attributes of living organisms. Two-component systems are relevant protein …

The light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domains of phototropins emerged as essential constituents
of light-sensitive proteins, helping initiate blue light-triggered responses. Moreover, these …

Dynamical changes in protein structures are essential for protein function and occur over
femtoseconds to seconds timescales. X‐ray free electron lasers have facilitated …

Two‐component systems (TCS) constitute the predominant means by which prokaryotes
read out and adapt to their environment. Canonical TCSs comprise a sensor histidine kinase …

The Light-oxygen-voltage-sensing domain (LOV) superfamily, found in enzymes and signal
transduction proteins, plays a crucial role in converting light signals into structural signals …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide femtosecond X-ray pulses suitable for pump–
probe time-resolved studies with a femtosecond time resolution. Since the advent of the first …

Sensor histidine kinases are central to sensing in bacteria and in plants. They usually
contain sensor, linker, and kinase modules and the structure of many of these components is …

Time-resolved small-and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies of proteins in solution based
on the pump-probe approach unveil structural information from intermediates over a broad …