A wide array of microorganisms, including many novel, phylogenetically deeply rooted taxa,
survive and thrive in extreme environments. These unique and reduced-complexity …

Biofilms are a form of collective life with emergent properties that confer many advantages
on their inhabitants, and they represent a much higher level of organization than single cells …

A census of the biomass on Earth is key for understanding the structure and dynamics of the
biosphere. However, a global, quantitative view of how the biomass of different taxa …

Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms.
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous …

The world faces an environmental crisis unprecedented in human history. Carbon dioxide
levels have reached heights not seen for three million years, and the greatest mass …

The discovery of chemosynthetic ecosystems at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in 1977
changed our view of biology. Chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea form the foundation of …

Sediment, a special realm in aquatic environments, has high microbial diversity. While there
are numerous reports about the microbial community in marine sediment, freshwater and …

Abstract Microbes in Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) hydrothermal sediments thrive on
hydrocarbons and sulfur and experience steep, fluctuating temperature and chemical …

Major insights into the phylogenetic distribution, biochemistry, and evolutionary significance
of organelles involved in ATP synthesis (energy metabolism) in eukaryotes that thrive in …

Background Marine microbial communities have been essential contributors to global
biomass, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity since the early history of Earth, but so far their …