Extensive research into ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has suggested the major role of
genetics, immune reactions, and the joint–gut axis in its etiology, although an ultimate …

Rituximab (RTX) is established for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This systematic
review of the literature since 2006 summarizes evidence for the use of RTX in the treatment …

Purpose This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical features of optic neuritis (ON) with
positive HLA-B27. Method Clinical data were reviewed for HLA-B27-positive ON in the …

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy against
foot processes of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels. Patients with NMOSD tend to have …

Coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is rare. Tumor
necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor has been highly successful in controlling inflammation in …

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) only rarely coexists with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
The optimal management of these patients represents a major challenge. Methods: In the …

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that pre-dominantly affects
the spine and sacroiliac joints, causing pain, stiffness, and diminished spinal mobility. The …

This case illustrates two diagnostic challenges for clinicians: the rarely described sixteen
syndrome and the relationship between tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors and …

To the Editor: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease that
predominantly affects the axial skeleton and causes characteristic inflammatory back pain …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune central nervous system disease characterized by
inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage (1). Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a …