Sex-related influences on pain and analgesia have become a topic of tremendous scientific
and clinical interest, especially in the last 10 to 15 years. Members of our research group …

This systematic review summarizes the results of 10years of laboratory research on pain and
sex/gender. An electronic search strategy was designed by a medical librarian to access …

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a centrally processed measure of the net effect of the
descending pain pathway. This comprises both the facilitatory as well as the inhibitory effect …

The exploration of endogenous analgesia (EA) via descending pain-modulatory systems
started about three decades ago. The generation of analgesia in the rat by periaquaductal …

Descending modulation of pain can be demonstrated psychophysically by dual pain
stimulation. This study evaluates in 31 healthy subjects the association between parameters …

Over the last decade, extensive research has demonstrated sex differences in pain
perception and modulation. Several factors have been proposed to account for the …

Altered function of endogenous pain modulation has been proposed as a mechanism that
may underlie chronic pain conditions. Descending modulation of pain can be examined by …

Quantitative sensory testing is widely used in human research to investigate the state of the
peripheral and central nervous system contributions in pain processing. It is a valuable tool …

Recent studies describe sex and gender as critical factors conditioning the experience of
pain and the strategies to respond to it. It is now clear that men and women have different …

The multidimensional experience of pain is thought to be partially influenced by the pain
modulation system as well as by individual psychological components. Recent studies …