Asking citizens “the way democracy works” is the basis of a wide literature on the support
citizens have for their political institutions and is one of the most common survey items in …

Prior research has shown that winning or losing elections matters. To account for this
pattern, it is argued that winners can expect their preferred policies to be implemented and …

A growing body of research indicates that voters' perceptions of the electoral system change
when the means of administering elections change. As some electoral jurisdictions have …

How do citizens react to repeated losses in politics? This paper argues that experiencing
accumulated losses creates strong incentives to externalize responsibility for these losses to …

In many preferential-list proportional representation systems, voting for a candidate is
voluntary. Previous studies suggest a positive relationship between the impact of preference …

Debate on Irish unification has increased in recent years, yet public attitudes on the
processes that might lead to it are underexplored. This article examines the results of an …

Do (many) voters like ranking? We address this question through an experimental study
performed in four countries: Austria, England, Ireland and Sweden. Respondents were …

Electoral systems in which voters can cast preference votes for individual candidates within
a party list are increasingly popular. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research on …

In democracies, losing free and fair elections is a normal part of politics, and the consent of
losers is needed for the survival of democratic government itself. But being on the losing …

Purpose Paid digital campaigning tools play an increasingly pivotal role in individual
election campaigns worldwide. Extant literature often juxtaposes the equalization theory …