Extractive distillation processes enable the separation of non-ideal mixtures, including
minimum or maximum boiling azeotropes and low relative volatility mixtures. Unlike …

Throughout history, distillation has been the most widespread separation method. However,
despite its simplicity and flexibility, distillation still remains very energy inefficient. Novel …

Azeotropic separation technologies have been classified broadly into two major categories,
ie, distillation and membrane processes. Because normal distillation has limitations for …

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of crude oil has not been reported widely in the literature and it
is one of the most challenging tasks in the petroleum refining industry. In order to obtain …

One of the more difficult tasks in the petroleum refining industries that have not been
considered largely in the literature is hydrotreating (HDT) of crude oil. The accurate …

Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process provides a one-stop-shop for reverse
osmosis (RO), outlining its scope and limitations for the removal of organic compounds from …

The plant Ylang-ylang is a tree native to the subtropical regions. Essential oils are typically
extracted from their flowers to be used in several alternative medical treatment options. This …

While mathematically sophisticated methods can be used to better understand and improve
processes, the nonlinear nature of food processing models can make their dynamic …

The development of biotransformation must integrate upstream and downstream processes.
Upstream bioprocessing will influence downstream bioprocessing. It is essential to consider …

Synthesis of methyl palmitate (MP) has not been considered in the past using a reactive
distillation process (continuous or batch) due to the challenge of keeping the reactants …