In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led
to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors …

The paradigm of surface-expressed programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) signalling to
immune cell programmed death 1 (PD1) to inhibit antitumour immunity has helped to …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a specialized shield on tumor cells that evades the
immune system. Even inhibited by PD-L1 antibodies, a cycling process constantly transports …

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide, and triple-negative
breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the worst prognosis and highest risk of recurrence. The …

Currently, the role of the lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, or dictyosome in the transcription
and translation of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is well revealed, but the role and …

Immunotherapies that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1
as well as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) have shown impressive …

The engagement of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; encoded by the PDCD1 gene)
receptor expressed on activated T cells and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1; …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy is a first-line treatment for selected
cancers, yet the mechanisms of its efficacy remain incompletely understood. Furthermore …

Acute exposure of cancer cells to high concentrations of type I interferon (IFN-I) drives
growth arrest and apoptosis, whereas chronic exposure to low concentrations provides …

At present, radiotherapy (RT) still acquires limited success in clinical due to the lessened
DNA damage under hypoxia and acquired immune tolerance owing to the amplified …