The inception of ecological immunology has led to an increase in the number of studies
investigating the impact of environmental stressors on host immune defence mechanisms …

Hemocytes are the immune effectors in clams, directing cellular but also humoral defences.
In the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes …

Summer mortality of some bivalve species is often associated with the change of
environmental temperature. This study compares the response of immunological parameters …

This study evaluated the combined effects of seawater pH decrease and temperature
increase on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus, an …

Changes in water temperature and salinity are responsible for a variety of physiological
stress responses in aquatic organisms. Stress induced by these factors was recently …

Bivalve molluscs are very nutritious and are an important source of human animal protein.
To date, bivalve farming has contributed to about 15% of the mean per capita animal protein …

One of the fastest-growing global food sectors is the bivalve aquaculture industry. Bivalves
particularly oysters, mussels and clams are important sources of animal protein (Tan and …

To evaluate the genotoxic, physiological and immunological effects of short-term acute low
temperature stress on the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, we rapidly …

Recently, frequent death of cultured abalone drew our attention to the stress tolerance of
abalone. Hybridization is an effective way of genetic improvement in aquaculture, which can …

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is a sessile bivalve mollusc whose homeostasis relies,
at least partially, upon cells circulating in hemolymph and referred to as hemocytes. Oyster's …