Tannins are the most abundant secondary metabolites made by plants, commonly ranging
from 5% to 10% dry weight of tree leaves. Tannins can defend leaves against insect …

Many biologists now recognize that environmental variance can exert important effects on
patterns and processes in nature that are independent of average conditions. Jensen's …

Box 9E. 1 Continued FIGURE 2. The C–S–R triangle model (Grime 1979). The strategies at
the three corners are C, competiti-winning species; S, stress-tolerating s-cies; R …

What are the ecological causes and consequences of variation in phytochemical diversity
within and between plant taxa? Despite decades of natural products discovery by organic …

Proanthocyanidins (PA), also known as condensed tannins, belong to the oldest of plant
secondary metabolites. These compounds are widespread in woody plants, but are also …

Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) fruits contain substantial quantities of
flavonoids, which are implicated in a wide range of health benefits. Although the flavonoid …

Tannins are compounds of great interest in chemistry and ecology. They have various
effects on food digestibility and the performance of animals. In this work, the chemistry, the …

The precipitates that form when purified pentagalloylglucose or a purified procyanidin
[epicatechin16 (4→ 8) catechin; EC16-C] are mixed with bovine serum albumin were …

Phenolic secondary metabolites are often thought to protect plants against attack by
microbes, but their role in defense against pathogen infection in woody plants has not been …

The meticulous environmental standards in textiles and garments imposed by countries
cautious about nature and health protection are reviving interest in the application of natural …