The peripheral mature T cell pool is regulated by complex homeostatic mechanisms. Naive
T cells are maintained by interleukin-7 (IL-7) and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling from …

Memory B cells are more heterogeneous than previously thought. Given that B cells play
powerful antibody-independent effector functions, it seems reasonable to assume division of …

CD4+ T lymphocytes are key to immunological memory. Here we show that in the memory
phase of specific immune responses, most of the memory CD4+ T lymphocytes had …

Homeostasis of T cells can be defined as the ability of the immune system to maintain
normal T-cell counts and to restore T-cell numbers following T-cell depletion or expansion …

Survival and intermittent proliferation of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells appear to be
controlled by different homeostatic mechanisms. In particular, contact with interleukin (IL)-15 …

While many aspects of memory T‐cell immunobiology have been characterized, we suggest
that we know only a fraction of the effector functions that CD4 T cells can bring to bear during …

In the course of an immune response to an infectious microbe, pathogen-specific naïve
CD4+ T cells proliferate extensively and differentiate into effector cells. Most of these cells …

Characterising the longevity of immunological memory requires establishing the rules
underlying the renewal and death of peripheral T cells. However, we lack knowledge of the …

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to a very substantial reduction in morbidity
and mortality in HIV‐infected patients; however, cART alone is unable to cure HIV and …

Signals orchestrating productive CD4+ T‐cell responses are well documented; however, the
regulation of contraction of CD4+ T‐cell effector populations following the resolution of …