Maintenance of protein homeostasis and organelle integrity and function is critical for
cellular homeostasis and cell viability. Autophagy is the principal mechanism that mediates …

As an important sensor in the innate immune system, NLRP3 detects exogenous pathogenic
invasions and endogenous cellular damage and responds by forming the NLRP3 …

Many types of human cells self-destruct to maintain biological homeostasis and defend the
body against pathogenic substances. This process, called regulated cell death (RCD), is …

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of
continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures, resulting in the release of …

In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led
to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors …

The use of lipid-formulated RNA vaccines for cancer or COVID-19 is associated with dose-
limiting systemic inflammatory responses in humans that were not predicted from preclinical …

Inflammasomes are critical sentinels of the innate immune system that respond to threats to
the host through recognition of distinct molecules, known as pathogen-or damage …

Regulated cell death mediated by dedicated molecular machines, known as programmed
cell death, plays important roles in health and disease. Apoptosis, necroptosis and …

Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the
form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is …