Background: Membrane αKlotho (hereinafter called Klotho) is highly expressed in the kidney
and functions as a coreceptor of FGF receptors (FGFRs) to activate specific fibroblast growth …

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, especially as a
result of our aging society, high caloric intake and sedentary lifestyle. Besides the well …

Background Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) has been hypothesized to play a role in
the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD. Methods We identified …

Disturbances in phosphate homeostasis are common in patients with chronic kidney
disease. As kidney function declines, circulating concentrations of phosphate and the …

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is secreted primarily by osteocytes and regulates
phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Elevated levels of FGF23 are clinically associated …

Background The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis in hospitalized
patients is increasing; however, information on the long‐term incidence of stroke in patients …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a high risk for cardiovascular disease
(CVD), and approximately half of all deaths among patients with CKD are a direct result of …

Biochemical markers of bone turnover have been used for decades in the management of
bone diseases, to assess the prognosis of these conditions and to monitor treatments. The …

Recent reports of several bone-derived substances, some of which have hormonal
properties, have shed new light on the bone–cardiovascular axis. Deranged concentrations …

Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease were long viewed as independent of each other.
However, numerous epidemiological studies, which are discussed in the first part of this …