After experiences are encoded into memory, post-encoding reactivation mechanisms have
been proposed to mediate long-term memory stabilization and transformation. Spontaneous …

People spend approximately half of their waking hours in a so-called offline state—
daydreaming, mind wandering or otherwise inattentive to their surroundings. These activities …

Learning occurs in the context of existing memories. Encountering new information that
relates to prior knowledge may trigger integration, whereby established memories are …

This article provides a review of the effects of activation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
on the physiological properties of circuits in the hippocampal formation. Previous articles …

Substantial empirical evidence suggests that sleep benefits the consolidation and
reorganization of learned information. Consequently, the concept of “sleep-dependent …

Stable representations of past experience are thought to depend on processes that unfold
after events are initially encoded into memory. Post-encoding reactivation and hippocampal …

New memories are labile and consolidate over time. Contemporary findings demonstrate
that, like sleep, awake quiescence supports consolidation: people remember more new …

Many scientific discoveries have been explained by a sudden gaining of insight with regards
to an ongoing problem. Insight is characterised by a mental restructuring of acquired …

Everyday behaviors require a high degree of flexibility, in which prior knowledge is applied
to inform behavior in new situations. Such flexibility is thought to be supported in part by …

Flexible spatial navigation depends on cognitive mapping, a function that declines with
increasing age. In young adults, a brief period of postnavigation rest promotes the …