This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Objective: To provide an overview of treatment options for opioid-dependent patients.
Method: We screened all published studies on the treatment of opioid dependence, with a …

BackgroundHeroin-assisted treatment has been found to be effective for people with severe
opioid dependence who are not interested in or do poorly on methadone maintenance …

This article reviews the main pharmacotherapies that are currently being used to treat opioid
addiction. Treatments include detoxification using tapered methadone, buprenorphine …

Objective To determine the cost utility of medical co-prescription of heroin compared with
methadone maintenance treatment for chronic, treatment resistant heroin addicts. Design …

This monograph describes the history, findings and international context of heroin-assisted
treatment (HAT) in the Netherlands. The monograph consists of (1) a short introduction and …

Aims To describe 4‐year treatment retention and treatment response among chronic,
treatment‐resistant heroin‐dependent patients offered long‐term heroin‐assisted treatment …

Background Despite a high prevalence of substance use among women sex workers (SWs),
rigorous social epidemiologic data on substance use treatment experiences among SWs …

Benzodiazepine (BZD) use has been found to be associated with poorer psychosocial
adjustment, higher levels of polydrug use and more risk-taking behaviors among opioid …

The aim of this review was to update and summarize the scientific knowledge on the long
term outcomes of the different pharmacological treatment options for opioid dependence …