The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by
uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including …

Despite centuries since the discovery and study of cancer, cancer is still a lethal and
intractable health issue worldwide. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained much …

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality and the underlying
mechanisms of cancer metastasis remain elusive. Both blood and lymphatic vasculatures …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is made up of cells and extracellular matrix (non-cellular
component), and cellular components include cancer cells and non-malignant cells such as …

The paradigm for macrophage characterization has evolved from the simple M1/M2
dichotomy to a more complex model that encompasses the broad spectrum of macrophage …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease that typically features a
dramatic desmoplastic reaction, especially fibroblasts. The roles of cancer-associated …

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are
among the most important and abundant players of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs as …

The metastasis is a multistep process in which a small proportion of cancer cells are
detached from the colony to enter into blood cells for obtaining a new place for metastasis …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity
and mortality in the western world, with limited therapeutic strategies and dismal long-term …

Simple Summary Cancer cells rely on the surrounding environment to grow and spread.
This environment contains structural components, secreted factors, immune cells, and other …