This review revolves primarily around segmental feedback systems established by muscle
spindle and Golgi tendon organ afferents, as well as spinal recurrent inhibition via Renshaw …

For most individuals, balancing upright is a simple task that requires little effort. The inherent
difficulties associated with standing balance are not revealed until a pathology or injury …

Maintaining balance throughout daily activities is challenging because of the unstable
nature of the human body. For instance, a person's delayed reaction times limit their ability to …

Little is known about the integration of neural mechanisms for balance and locomotion.
Muscle synergies have been studied independently in standing balance and walking, but …

Postural control is a natural behavior that requires the spatial and temporal coordination of
multiple muscles. Complex muscle activation patterns characterizing postural responses …

Human walking has previously been described as “controlled falling.” Some computational
models, however, suggest that gait may also have self-stabilizing aspects requiring little …

The musculoskeletal redundancy of the body provides multiple solutions for performing
motor tasks. We have proposed that the nervous system solves this unconstrained problem …

We investigated the effects of ageing on balance corrections induced by sudden stance
perturbations in different directions. Effects were examined in biomechanical and …

Objective: We investigated trunk control, protective arm movements, and electromyographic
responses to multidirectional support-surface rotations in patients with Parkinson's disease …

It is unknown to what extent automatic postural responses are triggered by lower leg
proprioception. This issue was addressed by studying postural control in five carefully …