Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Heavy metal contamination poses a serious environmental hazard, globally necessitating
intricate attention. Heavy metals can cause deleterious health hazards to humans and other …

Multidrug efflux pumps are inner membrane transporters that export multiple antibiotics from
the inside to the outside of bacterial cells, contributing to bacterial multidrug resistance …

K. pneumoniae sequence type 258 (Kp ST258) is a major cause of healthcare-associated
pneumonia. However, it remains unclear how it causes protracted courses of infection in …

Bacteria harness an impressive repertoire of resistance mechanisms to evade the inhibitory
action of antibiotics. One such mechanism involves efflux pump-mediated extrusion of drugs …

Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium are the main causes
of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. This Gram-negative rods bacterium possesses several …

Aerobactin is a citrate-hydroxamate siderophore that is critical for the virulence of
pathogenic enteric bacteria. However, although the aerobactin-producing iucABCD-iutA …

Serratia marcescens is an emerging pathogen with increasing clinical importance due to its
intrinsic resistance to several classes of antibiotics. The chromosomally encoded drug efflux …

Adding biostimulants is an effective means to improve the degradation efficiency of
refractory organics such as petroleum hydrocarbons, and the mechanisms of biostimulants …

Actinobacteria are one of the predominant groups that successfully colonize and survive in
various aquatic, terrestrial and rhizhospheric ecosystems. Among actinobacteria, Nocardia …