Introduction Exposure to blue light has seriously increased in our environment since the
arrival of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and, in recent years, the proliferation of digital devices …

The retina resides in an environment that is primed for the generation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and resultant oxidative damage. The retina is one of the highest oxygen …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blind registration in the
developed world, and yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Oxidative stress …

Age-related macular degeneration is the principal cause of registered legal blindness
among those aged over 65 in the United States, western Europe, Australia, and Japan …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease influenced by a
combination of environmental factors and genetic variants. Genomic studies have been …

This article provides current information on the potential role of oxidation in relation to age-
related macular degeneration (AMD). The emphasis is placed on the generation of oxidants …

The retina exhibits an inherent autofluorescence that is imaged ophthalmoscopically as
fundus autofluorescence. In clinical settings, fundus autofluorescence examination aids in …

Emerging evidence indicates that the autofluorescent pigments that accumulate as
lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells may reach levels that contribute to a …

purpose. To determine whether the lipofuscin fluorophore A2E participates in blue light–
induced damage to retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. methods. Human RPE cells …

Oxidative stress is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including
age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although the vision loss of AMD results from …