Over the past decade, our view of human-associated microbes has expanded beyond that of
a few species toward an appreciation of the diverse and niche-specialized microbial …

In the twenty first century, the changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
globally with increasing disease incidence across many countries relates to the altered gut …

The advent of high throughput technologies has led to a wealth of publicly available 'omics
data coming from different sources, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics …

One of the most important scientific discoveries of recent years was the disclosure that the
intestinal microflora takes part in bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain …

The microbiota is composed of commensal bacteria and other microorganisms that live on
the epithelial barriers of the host. The commensal microbiota is important for the health and …

The study of the intestinal microbiota has begun to shift from cataloging individual members
of the commensal community to understanding their contributions to the physiology of the …

The incidence of autoimmune diseases has been steadily rising. Concomitantly, the
incidence of most infectious diseases has declined. This observation gave rise to the …

The innate immune system recognizes microbial products using germline-encoded
receptors that initiate inflammatory responses to infection. The bacterial cell wall component …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which affects millions of people worldwide, includes two
separate diseases: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the …

Trillions of microorganisms transit through and reside in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract
each day, collectively producing thousands of small molecules and metabolites with local …