Wind energy production has expanded to meet climate change mitigation goals, but
negative impacts of wind turbines have been reported on wildlife. Soaring birds are among …

Large bodies of water represent major obstacles for the migration of soaring birds because
thermal updrafts are absent or weak over water. Soaring birds are known to time their water …

Soaring flight is a remarkable adaptation to reduce movement costs by taking advantage of
atmospheric uplifts. The movement pattern of soaring birds is shaped by the spatial and …

The energy exchange between the Earth's surface and atmosphere results in a highly
dynamic habitat through which birds move. Thermal uplift is an atmospheric feature which …

Animals rely on a balance of personal and social information to decide when and where to
move next in order to access a desired resource. The benefits from cueing on conspecifics to …

Migration can be an energetically costly behavior with strong fitness consequences in terms
of mortality and reproduction. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Migrants should select migratory …

Wind energy development continues to expand rapidly to meet international climate targets.
However, these developments impact biodiversity and associated sustainability targets …

Wind energy production has expanded as an alternative to carbon emitting fossil fuels, but is
causing impacts on wildlife that need to be addressed. Soaring birds show concerning rates …

Abstract The Black Kite (Milvus migrans) is one of the most widespread raptors in the world.
The Palaearctic is populated by two migrating subspecies, Milvus migrans migrans and …

Interactions between landscape and atmosphere result in a dynamic flight habitat which
birds may use opportunistically to save energy during flight. However, their ability to utilise …