I develop a theory of the distinctive characteristics of professional service firms and their
organizational implications. I identify three distinctive characteristics—knowledge intensity …

Under certain conditions, output related performance measurement and pay-for-
performance produce negative outcomes. We argue that in public service, these negative …

Agricultural cooperatives increasingly operate in strictly coordinated supply chains. It is
important that members of a cooperative are committed to a customer‐oriented strategy …

This paper provides a new and systematic characterization of 488 universities, from 11
European countries: Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway …

Effective governance of cooperatives depends on the pro‐active participation of members in
the governance. However, it is commonly argued that, especially in cooperatives with high …

This paper proposes a theory for why firms conduct some research activities in-house but
outsource other projects to independent partners and for why firms retain different degrees …

This article presents a model of the research and publication process that analyzes why
scientists commit fraud and how fraud can be detected and prevented. In the model, authors …

Some recent empirical studies seem to suggest that German works councils engage in rent‐
seeking activities rather than in the creation of joint establishment surplus. However, those …

A comprehensive, up-to-date look at modern Russian higher education. By the mid-
eighteenth century, when the first university appeared in Russia, many European nations …

Studies that have examined organizations' productivity and their leaders have found a rather
weak relationship between a leader's personal characteristics and organizational output …