Abstract Purpose of Review Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a surgical
procedure that reduces HIV acquisition risk by almost two-thirds. However, global …

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a proinflammatory genital condition characterized by high vaginal
bacterial diversity and a paucity of Lactobacillus species. BV has been linked to an elevated …

Immunohistological patterns of density and distribution of neural tissue in the human penis,
including the prepuce, are not fully characterized, and effects of circumcision (partial or total …

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces HIV acquisition by at least 60%, but
the determinants of HIV susceptibility in foreskin tissues are incompletely understood. Flow …

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) were first described in 2009. While initially the major
focus was on CD8+ TRM, there has recently been increased interest in defining the …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a leading cause of global morbidity with the
highest burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). For reasons that are incompletely understood …

The male genital microbiome is shaped by the local microenvironment and host behaviors
including sexual activity. Improving our understanding of the connection between the male …

HIV infection implicates a spectrum of tissues in the human body starting with viral
transmission in the anogenital tract and subsequently persisting in lymphoid tissues and …

Introduction Tight junctions (TJs) serve as permeability filters between the internal and
external cellular environment. A large number of proteins have been identified to be …

Within the penile microbiome, bacteria associated with seroconversion, immunology, and
cells (BASIC species) enhance HIV susceptibility in heterosexual uncircumcised men by …