Bio-based polymers are a class of polymers made by living organisms, a few of them known
and commercialized yet. Due to poor mechanical strength and economic constraints, they …

Polylactic acid (PLA) is the most widely used raw material in extrusion-based three-
dimensional (3D) printing (fused deposition modeling, FDM approach) in many areas since …

Additive manufacturing (AM, also commonly termed 3D printing) is progressing from being a
rapid prototyping tool to serving as pillar of the Industry 4.0 revolution. Thanks to their low …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has become an advanced approach for
fabricating patient-specific scaffolds with complex geometric shapes to replace damaged or …

Introduction Sustainability within the pharmaceutical industry is becoming a focal point for
many companies, to improve the longevity and social perception of the industry. Both …

Polylactic acid (PLA) is considered as a great option to be employed as 3D porous scaffold
in hard tissue engineering applications owing to its excellent biocompatibility and …

Additive manufacturing (AM) is considered the latest technology that creates breakthrough
innovations and addresses complex medical problems. This is clearly demonstrated by the …

Peptide-and protein-based therapeutics have drawn significant attention over the past few
decades for the treatment of infectious diseases, genetic disorders, oncology, and many …

Polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds produced by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method
have biocompatibility, close Young's modulus to that of bone, and the ability to make …

Since the FDA approval of Spritam, there has been a growing interest in the application of
3D printing in pharmaceutical science. 3D printing is a method of manufacturing involving …