There has been huge progress in the discovery of targeted cancer therapies in recent years.
However, even for the most successful and impactful cancer drugs which have been …

An area that has come to be of tremendous interest in tumor research in the last decade is
the role of the microenvironment in the biology of neoplastic diseases. The tumor …

Although cancer immunotherapy has taken center stage in mainstream oncology inducing
complete and long-lasting tumor regression, only a subset of patients receiving treatment …

The common mutation BRAFV600 in primary melanomas activates the mitogen-activated
protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway and the …

Melanoma is characterised by its ability to metastasise at early stages of tumour
development. Current clinico‐pathologic staging based on the American Joint Committee on …

The BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib, dabrafenib and encorafenib are used in the treatment of
patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. They selectively target BRAF kinase and thus …

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are known to be critical in controlling tumor progression.
While the role of T lymphocytes has been extensively studied, the function of B cells in this …

For many decades classical anti-tumor therapies included chemotherapy, radiation and
surgery; however, in the last two decades, following the identification of the genomic drivers …

The ERK pathway is critical in oncogenesis; aberrations in components of this pathway are
common in approximately 30% of human cancers. ERK1/2 (ERK) regulates cell proliferation …

Mucosal melanomas are a rare subtype of melanoma and are associated with a particularly
poor prognosis. Due to the rarity of the diagnosis, and the pace with which the management …