Recently, the shape and design of the panel on the official ball used in the FIFA World Cup
was considerably different from that of a conventional soccer ball (having 32 pentagonal and …

In recent years, the design of footballs, including the number and shape of the panels
forming the surface of footballs, has undergone a significant change. However, panels of …

Aerodynamic effects play an important part in any sport where the ball experiences
significant periods of free flight. This article investigates the aerodynamic forces generated …

The aim of this project was to develop a wind tunnel that enables the study of human
performance during various types of sports and physical activities by examining the …

Turnover of a badminton shuttlecock is the flipping motion of the shuttlecock after its initial
contact with the racket. During the process, the shuttlecock experiences a large change in …

Topspin is one of the most widely used hitting techniques in a tennis match and it is an
effective tool to win over the opponent. Hence, flight path simulation of a spinning ball can …

Much discussion surrounds the flight of association footballs (soccer balls), particularly
where the flight may be perceived as irregular. This is particularly prevalent in high-profile …

In golf, a range of shot types are necessary for successful performance, with driving and
ironplay constituting the “long-game”. It is possible to vary “long-game” shots through altered …

The motivation for this work came from observing amateur footballers making video
recordings of themselves kicking footballs, to send to scouts. An opportunity was seen to …

The purpose of this work was to understand the influence of materials and construction on
football performance. Two main areas identified as needing further work were post-impact …