This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

New data regarding signal transduction triggered by opioid ligands in immune cells are
reviewed, and the signal transduction in neuronal cells is documented. Similar signaling …

We investigated whether oxidant status and antioxidant enzyme activities during ageing of
mouse brain are regulated in sex-dependent manner. In the homogenate from the brain of 1 …

The present study, for the first time in ectothermic vertebrates, reports the immunoregulatory
role of urotensins I and II (UI and UII). Urotensins decreased the phagocytosis and nitrite …

Cytokine involvement in the immune system's response to stress is now very well
documented. Cytokine activity has been implicated in a variety of mental and physical …

Endomorphins are newly discovered μ-opioid receptor selective immunocompetent opioid
peptides. Endomorphin 1 is predominantly distributed in brain, while endomorphin 2 is …

Opioid peptides have been recognized as modulators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in
mouse macrophages and human neutrophils. Since the effect cannot be ascribed to its …

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of opioide peptide Met-enkephalin
(MENK) on resistance to oxidative stress in the brain of 4, 10 and 18 months old CBA mice of …

NALM-1 cells (a cell line derived from human pre-B leukemia) were exposed to the opioid
pentapeptide methionine–enkephalin (Met–enkephalin) and/or to thiorphan, an inhibitor of …

Age-and sex-associated differences in lipid peroxidation (LPO), and total sialic acid content
(TSA) in response to abuse of drugs have been reported both in humans and experimental …