Water is a fundamental molecule in the universe. On Earth, water exists in all three phases:
gas, liquid, and solid (ice). Liquid water facilitates many chemical reactions as a solvent …

Cosmic-ray astrophysics has advanced rapidly in recent years, and its impact on other
astronomical disciplines has broadened. Many new experiments measuring these particles …

In diffuse interstellar clouds the chemistry that leads to the formation of the oxygen-bearing
ions OH+, H 2 O+, and H 3 O+ begins with the ionization of atomic hydrogen by cosmic rays …

Observations of H+ 3 in the Galactic diffuse interstellar medium have led to various
surprising results, including the conclusion that the cosmic-ray ionization rate (ζ 2) is about …

We review the gas-phase chemistry in extraterrestrial space that is driven by reactions with
atomic and molecular ions. Ions are ubiquitous in space and are potentially responsible for …

ABSTRACT We present Herschel Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver Fourier
Transform Spectrometer (Herschel SPIRE-FTS) observations of Arp 220, a nearby ultra …

ABSTRACT Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) is a key program on the
Herschel Space Observatory designed to probe the physical and chemical structures of …

We model the production of OH+, H 2 O+, and H 3 O+ in interstellar clouds, using a steady-
state photodissociation region code that treats the freezeout of gas species, grain surface …

We present a comprehensive analysis of a broadband spectral line survey of the Orion
Kleinmann–Low nebula (Orion KL), one of the most chemically rich regions in the Galaxy …

Context. Carbon chemistry plays a pivotal role in the interstellar medium (ISM) but even the
synthesis of the simplest hydrocarbons and how they relate to polycyclic aromatic …