PD1 was originally discovered in 1992 as a molecule associated with activation-induced cell
death in T cells. Over the past 30 years, it was found that PD1 has a critical role in avoiding …

Harnessing an antitumor immune response has been a fundamental strategy in cancer
immunotherapy. For over a century, efforts have primarily focused on amplifying immune …

The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor cell PD-L1 (tPD-L1) function in
tumor immune evasion are incompletely understood. We report here that tPD-L1 does not …

Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently observed in human
cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor PD-1 on activated T cells inhibits anti-tumor …

Overexpression of the B7-H1 (PD-L1) molecule in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a
major immune evasion mechanism in some patients with cancer, and antibody blockade of …

T cell activation is a highly regulated process involving peptide–MHC engagement of the T
cell receptor and positive costimulatory signals. Upon activation, coinhibitory'checkpoints' …

Tumor-promoting inflammation and the avoidance of immune destruction are hallmarks of
cancer. While innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, are …

Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles
in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T …

The recent success of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade in cancer therapy illustrates the important
role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. However …

Major progress has been made toward our understanding of the programmed death-
1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway (referred to as the PD pathway). mAbs …