One of the most controversial aspects of the use of animals in science is the production of
pain. Pain is a central ethical concern. The activation of neural pathways involved in the pain …

OBJECTIVE Intrinsic function is indispensable for dexterous hand movements. Distal ulnar
nerve defects can result in intrinsic muscle dysfunction and sensory deficits. Although the …

Neuromuscular control of bionic arms has constantly improved over the past years, however,
restoration of sensation remains elusive. Previous approaches to reestablish sensory …

Introduction Neuromuscular control of the facial expressions is provided exclusively via the
facial nerve. Facial muscles are amongst the most finely tuned effectors in the human motor …

The surgical redirection of efferent neural input to a denervated muscle via a nerve transfer
can reestablish neuromuscular control after nerve injuries. The role of autonomic nerve …

Background The intricacies of nerve regeneration following injury have prompted increased
research efforts in recent years, with a primary focus on elucidating regeneration …

Background Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (VN) is a therapy for epilepsy, obesity,
depression, and heart diseases. However, whole nerve stimulation leads to side effects. We …

Immunohistochemistry is a powerful tool for studying neuronal tissue from humans at the
molecular level. Obtaining fresh neuronal tissue from human organ donors is difficult and …

Objective According to the different characteristics of patients and cervical lymph node
metastasis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer, the marginal mandibular branches of facial …

One of the most controversial aspects of the use of animals in science is the production of
pain. Pain is a central ethical concern. The activation of neural pathways involved in the pain …