The testing effect is a well-known concept referring to gains in learning and retention that
can occur when students take a practice test on studied material before taking a final test on …

Age-related cognitive changes often include difficulties in retrieving memories, particularly
those that rely on personal experiences within their temporal and spatial contexts (ie …

Concern that students in the United States are less proficient in mathematics, science, and
reading than their peers in other countries has led some to question whether American …

How do we go about learning new information? This article reviews the importance of
practicing retrieval of newly experienced information if one wants to be able to retrieve it …

Abstract [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Psychological
Bulletin on Oct 5 2020 (see record 2020-74925-001). In the article, the Appendix and …

Human Memory, 4th edition, provides a comprehensive overview of research and theory on
human memory. Written in an engaging style, the book is divided into three sections …

The testing effect is a finding from cognitive psychology with relevance for education. It
shows that after an initial study period, taking a practice test improves long-term retention …

We examined the effects of retrieval practice for students who varied in working memory
capacity as a function of the lag between study of material and its initial test, whether or not …

Practicing retrieval of recently studied information enhances the likelihood of the learner
retrieving that information in the future. We examined whether short-answer and multiple …

Errors are inevitable in most learning contexts, but under the right conditions, they can be
beneficial for learning. Prior research indicates that generating and learning from errors can …