Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is highly expressed in the cells of mineralized tissue and plays
a critical function in the formation of hard tissue. The existing status of this critical enzyme …

Bone is a dynamic tissue constantly responding to environmental changes such as
nutritional and mechanical stress. Bone homeostasis in adult life is maintained through bone …

Runx2 is a transcription factor that is essential for osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte
maturation. Ihh, expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes, is required for …

Purpose of review: Alkaline phosphatase is an important component in hard tissue
formation, highly expressed in mineralized tissue cells. It is appropriate to review the current …

Lineage progression in osteoblasts and chondrocytes is stringently controlled by the cell-
fate–determining transcription factor Runx2. In this study, we directly addressed whether …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress cellular protein levels to provide a sophisticated parameter of
gene regulation that coordinates a broad spectrum of biological processes. Bone …

The development of the musculoskeletal system is a complex process that involves very
precise control of bone formation and growth as well as remodeling during postnatal life …

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor
cells with multilineage differentiation potentials including osteogenesis and adipogenesis …

Runx2 is the most upstream transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation. It
regulates the expression of Sp7, the protein of which is a crucial transcription factor for …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent morphogens that activate transcriptional
programs for lineage determination. How BMP induction of a phenotype is coordinated with …