Engineered tissues need a vascular network to supply cells with nutrients and oxygen after
implantation. A network that can connect to the vasculature of the patient after implantation …

Vascularization of large bone grafts is one of the main challenges of bone tissue
engineering (BTE), and has held back the clinical translation of engineered bone constructs …

Microvasculature functions at the tissue and cell level, regulating local mass exchange of
oxygen and nutrient-rich blood. While there has been considerable success in the …

Securing an adequate blood supply for the survival of cell transplants is critical for a
successful outcome in tissue engineering. Interactions between endothelial and …

Self-assembled microvasculature from cocultures of endothelial cells (ECs) and stromal
cells has significantly advanced efforts to vascularize engineered tissues by enhancing …

Vascularization is among the top challenges that impede the clinical application of
engineered tissues. This challenge has spurred tremendous research endeavor, defined as …

There have been extensive research efforts to develop new strategies for bone tissue
engineering. These have mainly focused on vascularization during the development and …

Clinical protocols utilize bone marrow to seed synthetic and decellularized allogeneic bone
grafts for enhancement of scaffold remodeling and fusion. Marrow-derived cytokines induce …

A proper supply of nutrients to cells in engineered tissues is paramount for an optimal
development and survival of these tissues. However, especially in tissues with clinically …

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been extensively explored for treating load-bearing bone
defects. However, high-stress shielding, weak osteogenic activity, and insufficient …