We present a noise estimation and subtraction algorithm capable of increasing the
sensitivity of heterodyne laser interferometers by one order of magnitude. The heterodyne …

Displacement interferometry is widely used for accurately characterizing nanometer and
subnanometer displacements in many applications. In many modern systems, fiber delivery …

We propose a wavelength standard for highly precise dimensional measurements. An
internal-mirror helium-neon laser is offset-locked to a frequency comb line in order to carry …

A high-sensitivity DC magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) apparatus is described in this
Letter. Via detailed analysis on several dominating noise sources, we have proposed …

The behavior of class-C lasers in the simultaneous oscillation state of three longitudinal
modes is investigated. The general features of these lasers are described by three coupled …

High-end industrial equipment evolves toward ever higher accuracies, and dimensional drift
phenomena appear as a limitation for the required uncertainty level of precision metrology …

The effect of changes in the damping rate of cavity side modes on the noise fluxes of a three-
mode class-A laser is analytically investigated using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The …

Instability is an inevitable and common problem in all different kinds of lasers when they are
oscillating in both single-and multi-mode states. Here, the stability conditions are …

The random oscillations of many longitudinal modes are inevitable in both class− A and− B
lasers due to their broadened atomic bandwidths. The destructive superposition of electric …

In the present work, we have extended the noise features of a class-A laser from the single-
mode state with one oscillating freedom to the three-mode state with three oscillating …