Para-inflammation is a tissue adaptive response to noxious stress or malfunction and has
characteristics that are intermediate between basal and inflammatory states (Medzhitov …

In contrast to the tremendous amount of research data from the central nervous system,
relatively little is known about microglial homeostasis in the retina. This may be explained by …

Microglia, the primary resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), exhibit
dynamic behavior involving rapid process motility and cellular migration that is thought to …

Abstract Changes in microglial cell activation and distribution are associated with neuronal
decline in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly under pathological conditions …

Similar to the brain, the eye is considered an immune‐privileged organ where tissue‐
resident macrophages provide the major immune cell constituents. However, little is known …

The eye and the brain are immunologically privileged sites, a property previously attributed
to the lack of a lymphatic circulation. However, recent tracking studies confirm that these …

In the eye immune defenses must take place in a plethora of differing microenvironments
ranging from the corneal and conjunctival epithelia facing the external environment to the …

The mouse dura mater, pia mater, and choroid plexus contain resident macrophages and
dendritic cells (DCs). These cells participate in immune surveillance, phagocytosis of …

Phagocytosis is essential for the removal of photoreceptor debris following retinal injury. We
used two mouse models, mice injected with green fluorescent protein-labeled bone marrow …

The eye is a complex sensory organ composed of a range of tissue types including epithelia,
connective tissue, smooth muscle, vascular and neural tissue. While some components of …