Background Increasing awareness of the complexity of public health problems, including
obesity, has led to growing interest in whole systems approaches (WSAs), defined as those …

The transtheoretical model posits that health behavior change involves progress through six
stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and …

Cluster Randomised Trials, Second Edition discusses the design, conduct, and analysis of
trials that randomise groups of individuals to different treatments. It explores the advantages …

▪ Abstract Community-based research in public health focuses on social, structural, and
physical environmental inequities through active involvement of community members …

Background Community engagement has been advanced as a promising way of improving
health and reducing health inequalities; however, the approach is not yet supported by a …

Health promotion programs often lack a clearly specified theoretical foundation or are based
on narrowly conceived conceptual models. For example, lifestyle modification programs …

Complexity—resulting from interactions among many component parts—is a property of both
the intervention and the context (or system) into which it is placed. Complexity increases the …

Holding a strong goal intention (“I intend to reach Z!”) does not guarantee goal achievement,
because people may fail to deal effectively with self‐regulatory problems during goal …

Background: Because most adults in industrialized countries do not meet physical activity
guidelines, population-wide interventions are needed. Environmental and policy …

▪ Abstract Collaborative partnerships (people and organizations from multiple sectors
working together in common purpose) are a prominent strategy for community health …